Who establishes the Maritime Security (MARSEC) levels?

The Maritime Security (MARSEC) levels are established by the U.S. Coast Guard or a designated national authority, which is responsible for the implementation and enforcement of maritime security measures within their jurisdiction. These levels provide a framework for responding to potential security threats and dictate the measures that must be taken by port facilities and vessels to enhance security based on the assessed threat level.

The U.S. Coast Guard plays a central role in the nation’s maritime security strategy, ensuring that the responses are appropriate to the current risk environment, which may vary based on intelligence, threat assessments, or incidents both domestically and internationally. This hierarchical structure ensures a coordinated and effective approach to maritime security.

In contrast, while the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has a significant influence on global maritime regulations, particularly concerning the safety and security of shipping, it does not establish MARSEC levels directly; instead, it provides guidelines that member states can adapt in their national contexts. Local port authorities have operational responsibilities but typically follow the directives set by national authorities rather than creating their own security levels. Private security firms may assist in implementing security measures but do not have the authority to establish MARSEC levels, as such responsibilities lie with national security agencies.